Exposome-Explorer: show components

3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

ID	91
Name	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
Synonyms	DHBA; 3,5-DHBA
Structure	MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure Structure for EE000091 (3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid)
Description
Classification	DIET > Polyphenols > Phenolic acids
CAS number	99-10-5
PubChem ID	7424
ChEBI ID	39912
FooDB ID	FDB000848
HMDB ID	HMDB13677

Title	First author	Year
Plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites as potential biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye cereal fibre intakes in women	Aubertin-Leheudre	2010
Alkylresorcinol metabolite concentrations in spot urine samples correlated with whole grain and cereal fiber intake but showed low to modest reproducibility over one to three years in U.S. women	Landberg	2012
Plasma alkylresorcinols and urinary alkylresorcinol metabolites as biomarkers of cereal fiber intake in Finnish women	Aubertin-Leheudre	2008

Analytical method
HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis
GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis

Biospecimen
Plasma, fasting
Urine, first morning spot
Urine, 24-h

Cohort
NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)

Biomarker

Biomarker concentration values

ID	Parent ID	Depth	Subject group	Population	Country	Country code	Cohort	Time definition	Biospecimen	Analytical method	Biomarker	Measurement size	Arithmethic mean	Arithmethic SD	Geometric mean	GMean 95% CI lower	GMean 95% CI upper	Unit	Converted arithmetic mean	Converted geometric mean	Adjustment type	Regressed on	Publication
646	648	1	All	Women living in the Helsinki area	Finland	FI			Plasma, fasting	HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	56	94.0	82.0				nmol/L	94.0 nmol/L		Crude		Aubertin-Leheudre 2010
679	693	1	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	104			3.3	2.9	3.9	umol/L		3300.0 nmol/L	Regression	Creatinine	Landberg 2012
681	694	1	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	104			4.2	3.5	4.9	umol/L		4200.0 nmol/L	Regression	Creatinine	Landberg 2012
3447		0	All [by diet]	Postmenopausal and premenopausal women living in the Helsinki area	Finland	FI			Urine, 24-h	HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	56	26.8	15.6				umol/day	26.8 umol/day		Crude		Aubertin-Leheudre 2008
3461		0	Vegetarians	Postmenopausal and premenopausal women living in the Helsinki area	Finland	FI			Urine, 24-h	HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	20	32.8	21.6				umol/day	32.8 umol/day		Crude		Aubertin-Leheudre 2008
3475		0	Omnivores	Postmenopausal and premenopausal women living in the Helsinki area	Finland	FI			Urine, 24-h	HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	36	24.2	15.6				umol/day	24.2 umol/day		Crude		Aubertin-Leheudre 2008

Intake values

No data available

Correlation values

3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid intakes correlated with excretions
3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid excretions correlated with intakes

No data available

ID	Intake ID	Excretion ID	Subject group	Population	Country	Country code	Cohort	Intake Time definition	Intake assessment	Intake	Intake detail	Intake Arithmetic mean	Intake Geometric mean	Intake Unit	Biomarker Time definition	Biological specimen	Biomarker Experimental method	Biomarker	Biomarker Arithmetic mean	Biomarker Geometric mean	Biomarker Unit	Correlation size	Correlation type	Correlation value	Correlation 95% CI lower	Correlation 95% CI upper	Correlation p-value	Significant?	Measurement adjustment	Deattenuated?	Covariates	Publication
542	649	646	All	Women living in the Helsinki area	Finland	FI			Dietary record (5-day)	Fibre from Cereals		10.02		g/day		Plasma, fasting	HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	94.0		nmol/L	56	Pearson	0.463			< 0.001	Yes			Age, BMI	Aubertin-Leheudre 2010
543	651	646	All	Women living in the Helsinki area	Finland	FI			Dietary record (5-day)	Fibre from Vegetables				g/day		Plasma, fasting	HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	94.0		nmol/L	56	Pearson	0.024			>= 0.05	No			Age, BMI	Aubertin-Leheudre 2010
544	652	646	All	Women living in the Helsinki area	Finland	FI			Dietary record (5-day)	Fibre from Fruits				g/day		Plasma, fasting	HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	94.0		nmol/L	56	Pearson	0.117			>= 0.05	No			Age, BMI	Aubertin-Leheudre 2010
545	650	646	All	Women living in the Helsinki area	Finland	FI			Dietary record (5-day)	Dietary fibre	Fibre from Cereals Fibre from Fruits Fibre from Vegetables	19.84		g/day		Plasma, fasting	HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	94.0		nmol/L	56	Pearson	0.376			< 0.01	Yes			Age, BMI	Aubertin-Leheudre 2010
616	685	679	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Whole grain cereals			15.9	g/day	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		3.3	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.34	0.16	0.5	< 0.001	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
617	690	679	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Whole grain cereals			23.0	g/day	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		3.3	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.32	0.13	0.48	< 0.01	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
618	686	679	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Bran			3.8	g/day	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		3.3	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.26	0.07	0.43	< 0.01	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
619	691	679	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Bran			4.9	g/day	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		3.3	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.16	-0.04	0.34	>= 0.05	No	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
620	687	679	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Germ			0.8	g/day	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		3.3	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.21	0.02	0.39	< 0.05	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
621	692	679	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Germ			1.3	g/day	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		3.3	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.2	0.01	0.38	< 0.05	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
622	683	679	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Dietary fibre	Fibre from Cereals		19.0	g/day	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		3.3	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.28	0.09	0.45	< 0.01	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
623	688	679	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Dietary fibre	Fibre from Cereals		19.7	g/day	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		3.3	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.29	0.1	0.45	< 0.01	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
624	684	679	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Fibre from Cereals			5.8	g/day	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		3.3	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.33	0.14	0.49	< 0.001	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
625	689	679	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Fibre from Cereals			6.4	g/day	1 year	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		3.3	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.28	0.09	0.45	< 0.01	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
636	685	681	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Whole grain cereals			15.9	g/day	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		4.2	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.23	0.04	0.4	< 0.05	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
637	690	681	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Whole grain cereals			23.0	g/day	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		4.2	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.16	-0.04	0.34	>= 0.05	No	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
638	686	681	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Bran			3.8	g/day	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		4.2	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.2	0.01	0.38	< 0.05	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
639	691	681	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Bran			4.9	g/day	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		4.2	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.14	-0.05	0.33	>= 0.05	No	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
640	687	681	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Germ			0.8	g/day	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		4.2	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.13	-0.07	0.32	>= 0.05	No	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
641	692	681	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Germ			1.3	g/day	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		4.2	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.06	-0.14	0.25	>= 0.05	No	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
642	683	681	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Dietary fibre	Fibre from Cereals		19.0	g/day	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		4.2	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.16	-0.04	0.34	>= 0.05	No	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
643	688	681	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Dietary fibre	Fibre from Cereals		19.7	g/day	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		4.2	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.29	0.1	0.45	< 0.001	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
644	684	681	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Fibre from Cereals			5.8	g/day	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		4.2	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.21	0.01	0.38	< 0.05	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
645	689	681	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Fibre from Cereals			6.4	g/day	2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid		4.2	umol/L	95	Spearman	0.16	-0.03	0.34	>= 0.05	No	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
656	685	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Whole grain cereals			15.9	g/day	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid			umol/L	95	Spearman	0.25	0.06	0.42	< 0.01	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
657	690	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Whole grain cereals			23.0	g/day	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid			umol/L	95	Spearman	0.17	-0.03	0.35	>= 0.05	No	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
658	686	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Bran			3.8	g/day	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid			umol/L	95	Spearman	0.3	0.12	0.47	< 0.01	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
659	691	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Bran			4.9	g/day	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid			umol/L	95	Spearman	0.2	0.0	0.37	>= 0.05	No	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
660	687	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Germ			0.8	g/day	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid			umol/L	95	Spearman	0.22	0.03	0.4	< 0.05	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
661	692	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Germ			1.3	g/day	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid			umol/L	95	Spearman	0.17	-0.02	0.35	>= 0.05	No	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
662	683	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Dietary fibre	Fibre from Cereals		19.0	g/day	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid			umol/L	95	Spearman	0.29	0.1	0.46	< 0.01	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
663	688	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Dietary fibre	Fibre from Cereals		19.7	g/day	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid			umol/L	95	Spearman	0.38	0.2	0.53	< 0.001	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
664	684	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	baseline	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Fibre from Cereals			5.8	g/day	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid			umol/L	95	Spearman	0.35	0.17	0.51	< 0.01	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
665	689	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	4 years	Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ)	Fibre from Cereals			6.4	g/day	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid			umol/L	95	Spearman	0.29	0.1	0.46	< 0.01	Yes	Energy by residual method, Creatinine	No		Landberg 2012
3188	3456	3447	All [by diet]	Postmenopausal and premenopausal women living in the Helsinki area	Finland	FI			Dietary record (5-day)	Fibre from Cereals		10.0		g/day		Urine, 24-h	HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	26.8		umol/day	56	Pearson	0.359			= 0.008	Yes			BMI, Age	Aubertin-Leheudre 2008
3190	3460	3447	All [by diet]	Postmenopausal and premenopausal women living in the Helsinki area	Finland	FI			Dietary record (5-day)	Dietary fibre	Fibre from Berries Fibre from Cereals Fibre from Legumes Fibre from Vegetables	19.8		g/day		Urine, 24-h	HPLC after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	26.8		umol/day	56	Pearson	0.3			= 0.025	Yes			BMI, Age	Aubertin-Leheudre 2008

Reproducibility values

ID	Mst. ID	Subject group	Population	Country	Country code	Cohort	Time definition	Biological specimen	Experimental method	Biomarker	Biomarker detail	Arithmetic mean	Geometric mean	Median	Unit	Adjusted on	Reproducibility size	ICC	ICC 95% CI lower	ICC 95% CI upper	CV% WS	CV% BS	VAR WS	VAR BS	Publication
1	695	All	Women participant in the hormone stability study	United States	US	NHS II (Nurses' Health Study II)	1 year; 2.8 years	Urine, first morning spot	GC-MS after enzymatic hydrolysis	3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid					umol/L		95	0.17	0.05	0.43	58.8	27.1			Landberg 2012

3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

Structure for EE000091 (3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid)

Biomarker measurements

Biomarker concentration values

Intake values

Correlation values

Reproducibility values